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高中常考英语短语解析(R)
环亚外国语学校英语单词速记研究中心
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raise a question / questions提出问题；提出疑问：
Hearing my explanation, he raised no questions. 听了我的解释，他没有提出任何疑问。
Some people have raised questions on Einstein’s theory. 一些人已对爱因斯坦的理论提出了疑问。
用法导航
这个短语本身意思比较完整，但如何要说明“就•••••提出疑问”，则需在后面加上介词on.例如：
Many students raised a question on the answer they gave. 许多同学就他们所给的答案提出了疑问。
raise a shout of joy发出一阵欢呼：
A shout of joy was raised in the crowd at the news of defeat of American team. 击败美国队后，人群里发出一阵欢呼。
raise one’s glass to sb. 为••••••举杯：
Let’s raise our glasses to our success. 让我们为我们的胜利而干杯。
They raised their glasses to their friendship. 他们为了他们的友谊而干杯。
rather than而不是；宁愿••••••不愿 ；与其••••••不如：
I would be poor rather than to such a job. 我宁愿受穷，也不做这样的工作。
These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty. 这些鞋不好看，但穿起来很舒服。
用法导航
rather than结构通常用于“平行结构”中，可以并列两个名词，代词，形容词，动名词和不定式。例如：
I’d prefer to go in summer rather than in winter. 这宁愿夏天去，不愿冬天去。
It ought to be me rather than you that sign the letter. 在信上签名的该是我，而不是你。
We ought to invest in new machinery rather than bouildings. 我们该在新机器上投资，而不是在房屋上投资。
I always prefer getting up early, rather than going to school without breakfast. 我总是愿意早起来，而不愿意不吃早饭去上学。
I decided to write rather than telephone. 我决定写信，而不打电话。
reach down（伸手从高处）取下：
He reached down the dictionary from the top shelf. 他从书架的顶层取下那本书。
Reach down that book, please. 请把那本书拿下来。
reach for伸手去拿；竭力想达到：
Seeing him reaching for his gun, I shot first. 看见他要拿枪，我首先开了枪。
He reached for a pen and wrote down the telephone number. 他伸手拿了去笔，记下了电话号码。
He tried to reach for a floating log but failed. 他试图去抓一块漂浮的木头但没有够着。
reach out伸出（手）：
The man reached out for the gun, but it was too far away. 那人伸手去取枪，但枪离得太远。
read about读到；阅悉：
I remember reading about it in an English newspaper. 我记得在一张英文报纸里读到过这故事的报道。
read aloud朗诵；朗读：
Reading poetry aloud makes us understand it better. 朗读能使我们更进一步加深对诗歌的理解。
The teacher read some stories aloud to us. 老师给我们朗诵了许多故事。
read sb. a lesson劝告；训斥某人；教训某人：
The teacher read me a lesson. 老师教训了我一番
read one’s mind看出某人的心思；知道某人在想什么：
He smiled at me, and he seemed to be able to read my mind. 他向我笑了笑，他似乎看透了我的心思。
read out 朗读；宣读；驱逐；宣布开除：
The students took turns in reading out their compositions. 学生们挨个儿朗读他们的作文。
Here is a notice, shall I read it out? 这里有个通知，我念一下行吗？
Mike was read out of the club. 迈克被宣布开除出该俱乐部。
read over看一遍：
The teacher said she has read over my composition. 老师说好看了一遍我的作文。
read through看完；读一遍：
He opened the letter and read it through twice. 他打开信读了两遍。
Answer y questions after reading through the text. 读过课文后回答我的问题。
ready for预备••••••；作好••••••的准备：
We are ready for the final examination. 我们已为期末考试做好了准备。
Everything is ready for the meeting. 会议的一切都准备好了。
用法导航
(1) be ready for和get ready for在意思上基本一致。稍有区别：be ready for强调状态；get ready for强调动作，相当于reparse for.
(2) be ready to do的意思是“准备好做某事”“乐于做某事”。例如：
He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于助人。
ready money现金；现款：
I have no ready money at hand. 我手头没有现款。
The manager asked his secretary to go the bank to take some ready money. 经理让他的秘书到银行去取些现金。
reason for … ••••••的原因（理由）；为赞成••••••而讲道理；为•••••作争辩：
There must be some other reason for his defection. 他的这种错误一定另有原因。
A grin justice is explaining the reason for his not attending this meeting. 大法官正在为他没有出席这次会议而阐明理由。
reason from根据•••••推理：
This little boy is used to reasoning from the formula of the maths. 这个小男孩习惯于根据数学公式推理。
She likes to reason from experience. 她喜欢根据经验推断。
reason out推论；推断出；说出••••••的道理：
Let’s reason the matter out. 让我们推论出这个问题的答案来吧。
Mike isn’t good at reasoning out even simple problems. 即使简单的问题迈克也思索不出答案来。
The parents encouraged their children to reason out why not to smoke. 父母鼓励他们的孩子说出为什么不吸烟的道理。
recognize … as …. 承认•••••是•••••；公认••••••为•••••••：
Every country in the world should recognize Taiwan as a part of the People’s Republic of China’s territory. 世界上每个国家都应承认台湾是中华人民共和国的领土。
Landscape architecture is today recognized as one of the fine arts. 园林建筑今天被公认为是一种精美的艺术。
recover oneself复原，恢复知觉（镇静）；清醒过来；恢复控制（四肢等的）能力：
Will that girl recover herself within a day or two? 那个女孩一两天内能康复吗？
He almost fell, but quickly recovered himself. 他差一点跌倒，但很快又站稳了。
regard as把••••••看作（当作）；把••••••认为是：
He regarded us as little kids who count for nothing. 他把我们看作是无足轻重的孩子。
Waste is regarded as a sin. 浪费被认为是一种罪过。
用法导航
regard as表示“认为；看作”，同义词有consider .. as , treat … as, look upon as等；regard … as后面可接名词、形容词，有时还可接介词短语。该短语常用于被动语态。例如：
John is regarded as the best student in his class. 约翰被认为是班上最好的学生。
We shouldn’t regard what is possible as impossible. 我们不应把可能的事情看作是不可能的。
regret for悔恨；惋惜：
He showed his own regret for having rejected Jane. 他由于拒绝珍妮而一直悔恨。
Mr. Walter showed no regret for what he had done. 活尔特先生对其所做的事不感到后悔和惋惜。
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事：
My friend told me that she regretted going to see that film. 朋友告诉我他后悔去看那部电影。
regret to do sth. 很遗憾要做某事：
She regrets to have to go to that city far away from her home to work. 她很遗憾不得不到那个远离家的城市去工作。
用法导航
regret doing和regret to do两种表示形式在意思上有很大的不同。regret doing表示“对已发生的事情感到后悔、遗憾”；regret to do则表示“对将要说出的事情表示遗憾”例如：
We have always regretted selling the farm. 农场卖了，我们总感到很遗憾。
I regret to tell that we can’t stay here any longer. 奶抱歉，我不能在这里多呆了。
I regret to inform you that you are to be dismissed next week. 我们很遗憾地通知你，你下星期就要被解雇了。
relay race接力赛：
Jack was selected to take part in this relay race during the sports meeting. 运动会上，杰克被选出接力赛。
rely on依赖于，信任，依靠：
You must rely on your own efforts. 你必须依靠自己的努力。
The whole family rely on him. 全家人都依靠他。
用法导航
(1) rely on也可以写作rely upon，其同义词有depend on / upon例如：
Can I depend on the railway time table? 这个火车时间可以依赖吗？
He is a man to be depended on. 他是个值得依赖的人。
(2) 由于这两个动词都是非及物动词，他们不可以直接接宾语，所以介词on / upon都不能省略。
remain in逗留或搁置在•••••地方，呆在家里：
We remained in because of the heavy rain. 大雨如注，我们只好呆在家里。
The lazy boy remained in bed though the sun was very high. 尽管太阳已经很高了，但是这个懒孩子仍然躺在床上。
remain of由••••遗留下来：
Nothing remained of the village after the flood. 洪水后村子什么也没剩下。
remain out呆在呆外：
The guard remained out though it was very cold. 尽管天很冷，卫兵仍然待在外面。
remind of使想起；提醒；使某人想起某事；提醒某人某事：
The old picture reminds me of my childhood. 这张老照片使我想起我的童年。
Thank you for reminding me of the meeting I have to attend. 感谢你提醒我去参加这个会议。
remove … from office免除•••••致答词：
Their principal was removed from office. 他们的校长被免职。
remove oneself离开；走开：
They removed themselves after the meeting. 他们一开完会就走了。
reply to代表•••••••回答；代表••••••致答词：
Bill rose to reply for his friends. 比尔站起来，代表他的朋友答谢祝酒。
reply to回答；答复，写回信：
Have you replied to his letter? 你给他写回信了吗？
He didn’t reply to this question. 他没有回答这个问题。
用法导航
reply to的同义词是answer, 由于reply是非及物动词，所以在使用时，介词to不能省略。
respect … for尊敬，敬佩：
I respect him for his intelligence. 我敬佩他的智力。
He is respected for his bravery. 他因为勇敢而受到人们的尊敬。
rest on依靠；依赖；以•••••为基础；依据：
You may rest on his promise. 你可以依赖他的诺言。
Science rests on facts. 科学是以事实为根据的。
Our policy should rest on our own strength. 我们方针应当放在自己力量的基点上。
rest with取决于•••••；由•••••负责：
The next move rests with you. 下一步的行动就看你们的了。
The responsibility rests with you. 责任在你们身上。
The matter rests with you to decide. 这件事由你来决定。
用法导航
rest with同义词有be charge of, be up to somebody to do something, 皆表示“由••••••负责”的意思。例如：
Mr. Li is in charge of the whole factory. 李先生负责整个工厂。
This matter is in your charge. 这件事情由你来负责。
It is up to you to decide the date of the meeting. 会议的日期由你决定。
result from产生于；来自；起因于；是•••••的结果：
Nothing has resulted from his efforts. 他的努力没产生什么结果。
His success has resulted from his hard work. 他的成功来自于艰苦的劳动。
His illness resulted from bad food. 他的病是由于吃了变质的事物引起的。
result in导致，引起，结果为：
The traffic accident resulted in four deaths. 这次交通事故造成四人死亡。
The envy between them resulted in quarrelling. 他们之意的嫉妒导致了一场争吵。
用法导航
result form, result in这两个短语常混淆，实际上，前者后跟表示原因的名词或名词性短语，后者跟表结果的名词或名词性短语，这就是两者和区别所在。
return to返回；回到；恢复；方归正传，折回；折返：
I’m going to return to my hometown in five years. 五年以后我就回故乡。
Please return the books to the library before Monday. 星期一以前一定要收交还图书馆。
Hong Kong has returned to the arms of her motherland. 香港已经回到祖国的怀抱。
reward for为•••••而给报酬；因•••••而酬谢；奖赏：
They rewarded him for saving the child. 他们因他救了那个小孩而奖赏他。
用法导航
该短语可用于被动语态。其形式为be rewarded for, 表“因•••••而受到奖赏”。例如：The student was rewarded for taking the first place in the game.这个学生因在这次比赛中取得第一名而受到嘉奖。
rich in富有；富于：
He is man rich in humor. 他是一个很有幽默感的人。
The earth is rich in iron. 地球上的铁矿丰富。
ride up（乘电梯）慢慢向上，坐电梯上楼；（衣服等）缩上去，皱上去：
The building is very high, so you’d better ride up. 这座楼房很高，你最好坐电梯上去。
His coat –collar rides up. 他的上衣领子向上拱。
right along不停地，不断地：
They worked right along for six hours. 他们不停地工作了六个小时。
If you want to go the station, you may walk right along. 如果你想去车站，你可以一直往前走。
用法导航
right along, right away二者形似而意异。right along是美国口语，表示“继续不断地，一直地”，可位于句末，也可位于句中，right away是“立即，马上”的意思，只能位于句末。类似的有很多，如right now, right off, at once等。
right away立即，立即，马上：
The Red Cross came to the victim’s aid right away. 红十字会立刻对受灾人进行援助。
We’ll set out right away. 我们将立即出发。
right now就在此刻，立刻，刚刚，方才：
My father is busy right now. 我爸爸眼下很忙。
ring back回电话；再与•••••通话：
I phoned him yesterday, but he didn’t ring back. 我昨天给他打电话，但是他没有回电话。
ring off挂上电话，挂断电话：
I must ring off. Someone is calling me. 我得把电话挂了，有人在叫我。
Mr. Jackson rang off just at the moment when I began to make further interpretation. 我正要做进一步解释，杰克逊先生就把电话挂上了。
ring up（给某人）打电话：
He rang me up as soon as he got to Beijing. 他一至北京就给我打了电话。
用法导航
表示“打电话”的表达法有很多，如call up; phone somebody; telephone somebody; make a phone call to somebody; ring somebody等，也可省略up.
rise up站起来；起身；升起；起义，起来反抗：
The balloon rose up slowly in the sky. 气球冉冉升上天空。
Smoke rose up from the crater of the volcano. 浓烟从火山中滚滚升起。
It was not long before the whole country rose up and drove the Austrian soldiers from their homeland. 不久，全国人民奋起反抗，把奥地利军队从他们的国土上赶了出去。
rob somebody of something抢走某人的东西：
The robbe robbed him of his wallet. 强盗抢走了他的钱包。
The bank was robbed of a large sum of money last night. 昨晚，银行被盗了一大笔钱。
rocking chair摇椅：
Who is the old man sitting in the rocking chair? 坐在摇椅中的那个人是谁。
roll call点名：
A roll-call was before the meeting. 会议开始前点了名。
roll over翻滚，翻身：
I rolled over and over inbed and couldn’t fall asleep. 我要床上翻天覆地无法入睡。
The naughty boy often rolled over on the ground. 这个调皮的男孩经常在地上打滚。
roll up卷起，卷拢，把•••••裹起来，（烟雾）袅袅上升：
Tell him to roll up the carpet. 告诉他反地毯卷起来。
You’d better roll up your map after the class. 课后，你最好把自己的地图全收起来。
Smoke rolls up from the village. 烟雾从村庄袅袅升起。
roll up one’s sleeves卷起衣袖，大打出手；准备行动；准备大干一番：
These two rude men rolled up their sleeves for a fight over mere trifles. 这两个粗鲁的男人为了一点小事就大打出手。
rot away腐烂，烂掉，枯萎：
All the leaves have rotted away. 所有的树叶都已烂掉。
Some of the branches have rotted away. 有些树枝已经枯萎。
round about在四周，在附近；迂回地，兜圈子地；拐弯抹角地；间接地；大约，在••••••左右：
Their village is round about that mountain. 他们村在那座山附近。
Don’t speak round about. 说话不要绕圈子。
Please come round about 7 o’clock in the morning. 请在早晨七点左右来。
run across穿过，跑过；遇到：
The Great Wall of China, the longest wall in the world, runs across north China like a huge dragon. 中国的长城，世界上最长的城墙，像一条巨龙，横贯中国的北部。
They ran across the road to catch the bus. 他们横穿马路去赶公共汽车。
用法导航
run across 可表示“碰到，遇到”，有“不期而遇”的意思。例如：
I can across an old classmate of mine at a hate in Shanghia. 在上海的一家饭店里我遇到一位老同学。
He ran across the book in a secondhand bookshop. 他在一家旧书店里发现了那本书。
Where did you run across the book? 你在哪里发现的那本书？
run about跑来跑去，到处乱跑：
There are many children running about on the playground. 有许多孩子在操场上跑来跑去。
run after追赶，追逐，追踪，追求：
The hunter is running after a wolf in the woods. 猎人正在森林里追赶一只狼。
The police are running after a pickpocket. 警察正在追赶一个扒手。
George ran after her for a long time, but she wasn’t interested in him. 乔治她好久了，但她对他没有兴趣。
run away逃走，携带•••••逃走：
The young man ran away when he saw a big bear.那个年轻人看到一只大熊，就逃走了.
Don’t run away, I have a question to ask you. 别走开，我有一个问题要问你。
run down撞倒；撞沉；往下跑；因过度劳累而疲劳或虚弱：
The old man has been run down by a bus. 那位老人被公共汽车撞倒了。
The ship ran down a fishing–boat during the fog. 轮船在雾中撞沉了一条渔船。
He ran down the hill. 他沿着山往下跑。
John is still run-down after his illness and should rest for a few days. 约翰病后身体仍然很虚弱，应该休息几天。
run for竞选：
The novel of “Running for Governor” was written by Mark Twain. 《竞选州长》这部小说是马克.吐温写的。
run into偶然遇到，遇见，遇到；碰撞，撞上：
I just happened to run into Jane in the street. 我碰巧在街上遇见了简。
They ran into great difficulties on the voyage. 他们在这次航海中遇到了很大的困难。
She ran into the wall in the darkness. 黑暗中，她撞在了墙上。
run off复印，打印；逃走，还着•••••逃跑：
On the first edition, we ran off only three thousand copies of this book. 这本书的第一版，我们只印了三千份。
The thief ran off with my purse. 那个贼抓着我的钱包跑了。
run out跑出去；用完；耗尽；消退：
We ran out to see what was happening in the street. 我们跑出去，看街上发生了什么事。
His money has run out. 他的钱已经用完了。
run out of从•••••跑出去；用完；缺乏：
He ran out of the house at hearing the big sound. 听到这声巨响他从房子里跑出来。
The oil source will be run out of sooner or later. 石油资源迟早要被耗尽。
用法导航
run out of, run out两个短语尽管都有“用完”的意思，但用法完全不一样，首先是主语不一样，前者的主语是使用某物的主体，如人、机构等，后者的主语通常是被使用的事物，即使用的客体，其次前者是及物动词短语，后者是不及物动词短语。例如：
We have run out of our paper. 我们已用完了我们的纸。
Our paper has been run out of. 我们的纸已经被用光了。
Our paper has run out. 我们的纸已经用完。
run short缺少，快用完，不足：
The paper that my mother bought for me has run short. 我妈妈给我买的约快用完了。
run short of缺少•••••，快用完••••••：
We’ve run short of oil. 我们的油快用完了。
用法导航
run short, run short of: 两个run out 和run out of的同义词，其中的short可视为副词，run short的主语一般为被使用者；而run short of的主语则为使用东西的主体。
run through蔓延；贯穿；穿过，流过：
A keen humor runs through the writings of Mark Twain. 一种强烈的幽默感贯穿马克吐温的作品。
The boy ran through the street. 那个男孩穿过了那条马路。
running water自来水：
It is very convenient to use the running water. 使用自来水很方便。
run up跑上前去；升起：
A group of students ran up to meet the foreign visitors. 一群孩子跑上前去迎接外宾。
The white flag was run up, and the enemy soldiers surrendered. 敌军挂起白旗投降了。
run up to达到：
His debts have run up to 2,000 dollars. 他总共欠债2000美元。
The proce of coal ran up to 60 Yuan a ton. 煤的价格已涨到每吨60元。
rush at向••••••冲去；向•••••扑过去：
The dog rushed at the stranger. 那狗向那个陌生人扑了过去。
rush in猛冲进来；迅速跑进来：
Again the young man rushed in and told Dr/ Bethune not to go on operating any more. 那位年轻人又中了进来，叫白求恩大夫不要继续做手术了。
Je rushed in to take his clothes. 他迅速跑进来拿衣服。
rush into仓促做某事；草草地做：
He often rushed into things. 他常常做事欠思考。
rush out冲出去，急忙跑出去：
At this, he rushed out of his office. 听到这个，他便从办公室里跑了出去。
rush through掠过（脑际）；赶快进行；匆忙做完：
A good idea rushed through my mind. 我突然想出一个好主意。
You mustn’t rush through the book. 你不要走马观花地看这本书。
They rushed through the work and went home. 他们匆匆忙忙地干完活就回家了。
rush to匆忙赶到；仓促得出（结论）；将•••••匆匆送往：
The spy rushed to Headquarters to pass on his latest news. 间谍匆忙赶到总部，传递他得到的新情况。
Don’t rush to the conclusion. 不要仓促下结论。
Please rush these goods to our customers. 请速把这些货物送给我们的顾客。
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