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高中常考英语短语解析(D1)
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damp down（用灰等）封火或灭火；抑制；给•••••泼冷水：
We’ll damp down the fire for the night. 我们在晚上要炉火封起来。
Difficulties didn’t damp down his enthusiasm.困难没有能够挫伤他的积极性。
damp off（植物根茎等因湿气、细菌等）腐烂，枯萎：
You must see to it that there isn’t too much water in the fields, otherwise the young plants might damp off. 当心不要让田野积水太多，不然的话，幼苗会烂坏的。
dance about摇晃；上下摇动：
The barber said to the little boy, “Don’t dance about like that or I won’t be able to cut your hair properly.” 理发师对那个男孩说：“不要动，一动就理不好了。”
dance to one’s pipe跟着某人亦步亦趋：
They all refused to dance to his pipe他们全都拒绝听从他的指挥。
dark horse实力难测的竞争者；竞争中出人的获胜者：
It turned out a dark horse got elected President. 结果出人的候选人当选了校长。
date … as确定••••••的年代：
Scientists dated this kind of fossil as 21st century BC. 科学家们确定这种化石的年代为公元前21世纪。
date back to 始于，追溯到：
The contact between these two countries dates back to the 14th century. 这两个国家早在14世纪就开始接触。
date from始于，起源于，可以追溯到••••••：
This custom dates from the sixteenth century. 该风俗始于16世纪。
The old temple dates from Tang Dynasty. 这座古庙是唐朝建立的。
用法导航
date back to 和date from意思是用法完全相同，可以互换。使用时注意：通常用于一般现在时，且没有被动语态。
date one’s works使某人的作品过时（不时兴）：
The contents of his book date his works. 书的内容使他的作品过时。
date to从••••••就开始，始于，追溯到•••••••：
These words date to the Norman conquest of England. 这些词在诺曼人征服英国时就已使用。
The Old Stone Age can date to BC 700,000. 旧石器时代始于公元前70万年前。
用法导航
date to 等于date back to:
down on / upon sb. 被某人理解或感知：
It suddenly dawned on me that two of them were brothers. 我突然明白他俩原来是弟兄。
day after day日复一日地，一天天地：
She studied hard day after day, until she could master the subject. 她日得一日地刻苦钻研，直到掌握了那门学科为止。
day after the fair（对于把握可能的机会而言）时间过迟：
I’m afraid you’re a day before the fair. The exhibition won’t be open to the public next Monday. 恐怕你来得太早了，展览会要到下星期一才对外开放。
day and night日夜，夜以继日地：
It’s getting warm day by day. 天气一天天逐渐变暖了。
用法导航
day after day, day by day和day in and day out都作“天天”讲，但含义和用法有所不同，day after day日复一日地，常表示每天重复，天天如此，在句子中可以作主语或状语。day by day一天天地，逐日，常表示逐渐转变，在句中作状语；day in and say out天天，常表示连续不息，与day after day接近，但在句中只能作状语。
day in an day out天天，每天，日复一日：
He plays football day in and day out. 他天天踢足球。
用法导航
该短语也可作day in, day out；同义辨析参见day by day.
day off休息日：
Tomorrow is my day off, and I’m going to take my family to the park. 明天我休息，我要带全家上公园去玩。
dead and burled事过境迁，死了：
Jim was very sorry when he heard that his friend was dead and buried. 当吉姆听说朋友死了，很难过。
dead beat精疲力竭，累垮了：
I was nearly dead beat. 我差点累垮了。
dead on one’s feet，累垮了：
Jack was dead on his feet in order to support his family. 为了养家，杰克累垮了。
dead shot神枪手：
It is said that Butler is dead shot. 据说巴勒是位神枪手。
dead tied筋疲力尽，疲惫不堪：
Now I feel dead tired. 现在我感到疲惫不堪。
She was dead tired at the end of a day’s work.干了一整天的话，她非常疲倦。
用法导航
dead beat, dead in one’s feet 和dead tired为同义短语，用法亦相同，可以互换。
dead to 对•••••• 麻木不仁：
He is dead to all sense of shame. 他是个寡廉鲜耻的人。
dead to the world沉睡，熟睡；推动知觉的，不省人事的：
This boy is sleeping, dead to the world. 这个男孩正在熟睡。
I found him on the ground, dead to the world. 我发现他躺在地上，不省人事。
deal in经营•••••，帮•••••生意：
This shop deals in woolen goods. 这家商店经营呢绒。
The post office on the corner deals in a lot else besides stamps. 那个拐角上的邮局除了邮票外还出售许多其它东西。
用法导航
deal in后接事物名称，表示经营、买卖的内容。
deal out分配，给予：
The property must be dealt out fairly. 这财产必须公平分配。
deal sb. a blow给某人以打击：
The sudden attack dealt the enemy a deadly blow. 那次突然袭击，给敌人以致命的打击。
deal with对付；应付；处理；对待；相处；论述；涉及：
If we are fully prepared, we should be able to deal with all sorts of problems. 如果我们做好充分的准备，就能够应付各种问题。
How shall we deal with that old machine? 我们如何处理那台旧机器？
I’ll get my elder brother to deal with you later on. 我要让我的哥哥以后来收拾你。
This book deals with problems in political economy. 这本书论述了政治经济学方面的问题。
用法导航
deal with现do with为同义短语，但用法不同，尤其是用于特殊问句时，例如：
你们如何处理那件事？
正：How are you going to deal with hat accident?
误：How are you going to do with that accident?
正：What are you going to do with that accident?
误：What are you going to deal with that accident?
Dear me! 呵，哎呀！
用法导航
该片语也可作Dear, dear!或Oh, dear! 常用来表示伤心、焦急、惊奇等。
Dear John绝交信：
dear money高利贷：
Death pays all debts(谚)一死百了：
death rate死亡率：
The persons’ death rate has fallen down with the development of medicine. 随着共和党的发展，人们的死亡率已经下降了。
decide on / upon决定，确定，选定：
Our plan for the coming year was decided on / upon after extensive discussions. 我们通过广泛的讨论确定了下一年的计划。
declare war on / against / upon对••••••宣战：
The brave soldiers declared war on the enemy. 勇敢的战士们敌人宣战。
declare against表示反对：
He declared against that plan. 他表示反对那项计划。
declare for / in favour of表示赞成：
I declared for the decision. 我对那个决定表示赞成。
declare off宣布作罢；取消（约定等）：
The government declared off that decision. 政府宣布取消了那个决定。
declare oneself发表意见，表明态度，显露身份（或真实面目等）：
He declared himself (to be) satisfied. 他表示满意。
declare over宣布结束：
This war was declared over in 1953. 这场战争于1953年被宣布结束。
deep in埋头于；深陷于：
She was so deep in the book that she didn’t know it had been raining outside. 她专心致志地看书，连外面在下雨都不知道。
delight in喜爱，以•••••• 为乐：
The young father delights in teasing his little son. 位年轻的爸爸喜欢跟人小儿子逗趣。
deliver oneself of sth. 宣布某事，把某事讲出来：
Soon after the meeting began, the chairman delivered himself of two important proposals. 会议一开始，主席就宣布了两项提案。
Having delivered himself of the message, he sat down with a sign. 他说了自己想说的话后，叹了一口气，坐了下来。
deliver over / up把•••••交出来：
The police officers were ordered to deliver over the guns. 警官们奉命上缴枪支。
He had to deliver up that paper. 他不得不交出那份文件。
deliver the goods履行诺言或义务，不负所望：
You can depend on him delivering the goods, he had never been known to let anyone down. 你可以相信他会履行诺言的，他从来没有失信于人。
demand sb, of sth. 对某人提出某种要求，向某人索取某物：
He always demands his parents of money. 他总是向父母要钱。
depend on / upon相信，信赖；随••••••而定；依靠，依赖：
He is a man to be depended upon. 他是个靠得住的人。
Whether the game will be played depends on the weather. 比赛是否进行于天气的好坏。
The country depends considerably on its tourist trade. 那个国家在很大程度上依靠旅游业的收入。
depend on / upon it毫无疑问，没错：
We shall be there on time, you can depend on / upon it. 你放心，我们将准时到达那里。
Our task will be finished this month, depend on it. 没问题，我们的任务这个月可以完成。
develop a disease患病，生病：
he didn’t go to school because he developed a disease. 他没去上学是因为他生病了。
develop with practice在实践中成长：
Students develop with practice. 学生们在实践中成长。
developed country发达国家：
There are many developed countries in the west. 目前，中国属于发展中国家。
developing country发展中国家：
Now China belongs to the developing countries. 目前，中国属于发展中国家。
devote oneself to致力于，献身于：
After he graduated, he continued to devote himself to research. 毕业后他继续致力于研究工作。
She determined to devote herself entirely to the study of cancer. 她决心把自己的一生全部献给癌症的研究工作。
用法导航
在devote oneself to中，to是介词，的后接名词和动名词，不能接不定式。该短语也可作be devoted to。 例如：
Some of them were devoted to (the study of) natural science. 他们有些人专门研究自然科学。
All of them were devoted to the revolutionary cause. 他们全都献身革命事业。
devote … to把••••••献给：
He said that the wanted to devoted this song to his mother. 他说他想把这首歌献给他的母亲。
diamond in the rough外表粗鲁而品质优美的人：
Forgive his rudeness, for he’s known to be a diamond in the rough. 原谅他的粗鲁吧，他这个人就是看上去粗一点，但心地还是很好的。
用法导航
a diamond in the rough也可作a rough diamond.
die a dog’s death悲惨地（或可可耻地）死去：
He used to be a famous footballer but, having injured his legs, was kicked out by the boss and died a dog’s death. 他曾经是位有名的足球运动员，但后来因腿部受伤而被老板一脚踢开，最后凄惨地死去。
用法导航：
die a dog’s death也可作die like a dog.
die away（风、声音等）渐渐地消失，渐渐减弱：
The wind died away in the afternoon. 下午风渐渐停息了。
Their steps finally died away.他们的脚步声最后消失了。
die down(风、雨等)逐渐平息；（火）慢慢地熄灭；（植物等）逐渐凋落：
The wind has died down a bit. 风息了一点。
The fire died down. 火慢慢熄灭。
The applause died down and they went on with their performance. 掌声平静下来，他们又继续演出。
用法导航
die down和 die out意思相近，但又有区别。指火熄灭时，用die down或die out皆可，但die down往往指火势由强变弱慢慢熄灭这一过程，而die out则指熄灭这一事实，在指风、雨、声音、愤怒、掌声、战斗等平息下来，多用die down;指家庭、种族、物种，组织，信仰等的消失或消亡，则多用die out.
die from死于••••••， 因•••••• 而死：
That young girl died from cancer. 那个女孩死于癌症。
die hard顽固不化，至死不悟，死硬：
That old man died hard.那个老头顽固不化。
Some old customs and superstitions died hard. 一些旧习惯和迷信很难消除。
die in action战死，阵亡：
During the war, thousands of patriots died in action in defence of the country.在战争期间，成千上万的爱国者为保卫祖国而壮烈牺牲。
die in office殉职：
I’m very sorry to hear that she died in office. 听到她殉职的消息，我十分难过。
die in one’s bad病死，老死：
After two months’ medical treatment, he died in his bed last Sunday. 治疗了两个月后，他于上星期天病逝了。
die in pain (and suffering) 痛苦地死去：
That man died in pain (and suffering). 那个人痛苦地死去了。
die of死于，因•••••而死：
His father died of cold before liberation. 解放前，他父亲冻死了。
用法导航
die from和die of的意思都是“死于••••••”“因••••••而死”，但die from一般指由于外部原因（负伤、折磨、地震等）造成的死亡；而die of通常表示死于疾病、情感、饥饿、年老或悲伤等自身的原因。在病名前面既可用die of, 也可用die from.
die off相继死去；一个个死掉，绝种：
His mother and father died off last year. 去年，他母亲和父亲相继死去。
This kind of animal is dying off. 这种动物已快要绝种了。
die out死光，绝种，不复存在，息，熄灭：
This kind of bird has died out in the world. 这种鸟已在世界上灭绝了。
The custom of wearing vests seems to be dying out. 穿马甲的习惯似乎逐渐消失了。
The fire died out火熄灭了。
dig at挖苦：
I didn’t know what she meant by that remark. She was obviously digging at somebody but I just can’t tell who it was. 我不知道他那番话是什么意思。很显然她是在挖苦一个人，但这个人是谁我怎么说不上来。
dig down挖倒：
They dug down a big tree. 他们挖倒了一棵大树。
dig in开始吃饭；挖土以埋进（肥料等）：
The supper’s ready, so dig in. 晚饭弄好了，吃吧。
We finished digging in the fertilizer before noon. 我们中午前把肥料施到地里。
dig into向••••••里挖洞；钻研，致力于：
A child is digging into a wall. 一个小孩正在向墙里挖洞。
He digs into the history of mankind. 他苦心钻研人类史。
dig oneself in挖壕沟自卫；使自己（在工作岗位上）站住脚：
The officer ordered his men to dig themselves in. 军官命令士兵挖战壕以便掩蔽。
He’s been working there for five years now, and he’s pretty well dug himself in. 他在那儿干了五年了，现在已经站稳脚跟。
dig one’s toes / feet in打定主意，坚持立场：
Tom has dug him toes/ feet in, I don’t think we can persuade him to change his mind. 汤姆已经拿定了主意，我想我们去劝他改变根本不可能。
dig out掘出，挖掘出，发现：
This machine can dig out potatoes faster than a team of ten people.这台机器挖起马铃薯比十个人挖的还要快。
We managed to dig out all the facts. 我们没法弄清所有的事实。
dig up 翻（土），掘松；挖出，掘出；发现，找到：
The garden wants digging up. 花园得松土了。
An old statue dating back to the Tang Dynasty was dug up. 一座古老的唐代雕像被挖掘出土了。
It was with much difficulty that I dug him up in the crowd. 我好不容易才在人群中找到了他。
direct against / at对准；针对：
The hunter directed against a hare with his gun.猎人用枪瞄准了野兔。
用法导航
在该短语中，direct也可用作及物动词，例如：
They are directing their guns against / at the enemy. 他们正把枪口对准敌人。
The treaty was obviously directed against / at China. 这一条约显然是针对中国的。
direct one’s attention to使某人对•••••引起注意：
The government directed our attention to the problem of pollution. 政府请我们注意污染问题。
We directed our attention to improving their working conditions. 我们把注意力集中于改善他们的劳动条件。
direct one’s efforts to / towards集中力量••••••：
They directed their efforts towards building a people’s army. 他们集中力量建设一去人民的军队。
direct one’s energies to致力于•••••••：
This scientist direct their energies to the environmental geology. 这位科学家于对环境地质学的研究。
direct one’s eyes to把目光转向••••••：
This little girl directed her eyes to the teacher. 小女孩把目光转向老师。
direct one’s step to朝••••••走去：
The man directed his step to the small village. 那个人朝小村庄走去。
dirt cheap非常便宜：
Tomatoes are dirt cheap in summer. 夏天西红柿非常便宜。
dirty one’s hands玷污自己的价格，损坏自己的名声：
The teacher warned his students not to dirty their hands by cheating in the examination. 老师告诫学生们不要在考试作弊，使自己丢脸。
disagree about不同意，对••••••有异议：
He disagreed about that decision. 他不同意那个决定。
disagree with不同意（某人的话、意见等），与（某人）意见不一致；不符，不适合：
I disagreed with him. 我与他意见不一致。
The climate disagrees with me. 这气候对我不适宜。
disappear from view从视线中消失，看不见：
The ship disappeared from view at last. 轮船终于看不见了。
disappear into消失在••••••之中：
They disappeared into the heavy rain. 他们消失在大雨之中。
disappointed about / at对••••••感到失望：
Mr. Smith was disappointed about his son’s failure. 史密斯先生对他儿子的失败感到失望。
I was disappointed at hearing the news. 我听到这个消息感到失望。
disappointed in sb / sth. 对某人/某事感到失望：
I was disappointed in the new headmaster. 我对新来的校长感到失望。
disappointed of one’s purposes / hopes 没有达到目的/实现希望：
He was very sad because he was disappointed of his purposes. 他很难过，因为他的目的落空了。
disappointed with对••••••感到失望：
He was disappointed with his assistant. 他对他的助手感到失望。
Li Ming was disappointed with the computer he bought yesterday. 李明对他昨天买的那台电脑很不中意。
用法导航
disappointed with和disappointed in用法相同，可以互换，它们后面通常接表示人的名词或代词，间或也接表示事物的名词，这时与disappointed about/at 用法相同，可以互换。上述短语与disappointed of意思不同，disappointed of一般译为“因为得不到••••••而失望”。
discourage sb. from劝阴某人（不要做某事），打断某人（做某事的念头）：
He often discourages his father from smoking. 他常常劝阴父亲不要抽烟。
dish it out责骂，辱骂，惩罚：
I didn’t know who she was dishing it out. 我不知道她正在骂谁。
dish out把（饭菜等）盛在盘中端上；分（饭菜）；给予；提供；发布（消息等）；施加（打骂等）；滔滔不绝地讲出：
The hostess dished out the meat. 女主人把肉盛在盘中端了上来。
Who’ll dish out the tickets? 谁来发票？
The young man dished out his view. 这位年轻人滔滔不绝地说出了自己的观点。
dish the dirt说别人闲话，散布流言蜚语：
He doesn’t like dishing the dirt. 他不喜欢说别人闲话。
Stop dishing the dirt, young man. 年轻人，不要散布流言蜚语。
dish up盛好（饭菜）；端上，上菜；抛出，提出；把（论点等）发挥得娓娓动听：
The food was dished up when the guests arrived. 客人到时，饭菜都盛好端上来了。
There was nothing news in his talk yesterday; he was only dishing up some outdated information. 他昨天的讲话中没有什么新东西，只不过讲了些过时的消息。
What old story is this you are dishing up? 什么古老的故事你讲得这样有声有色？
dive in跳入，投入；开始；狼吞虎咽，开始猛吃：
That girl dived in the sea. 那个女孩跳进了大海。
Dive in, everybody, before the ice cream melts. 趁冰淇淋没化掉，大家快吃。
dive into跳入；躲进；把手伸入；钻研，探究：
Dick dived into the water. 迪克潜入水中。
They dived into the thick forest and soon disappeared. 他们突然躲进密林，很快就消失了。
The mother dived into her bag and took out some apples for her children. 妈妈把手伸进提包里，拿出几个分给孩子们。
dive into sb’ secret窥探某人的秘密：
Parents should not dive into their children’s secret. 父母不应该窥探孩子的秘密。
dive to the bottom of a subject追根究底：
This boy likes to dive to the bottom of a subject. 这个男孩喜欢追根究底。
divide … among在••••••之意分配，分配给：
The prizes were divided among eleven winners. 这些奖品分给十一个优胜者。
divide and rule分而治之：
They are hard to deal with, we should divide and rule. 他们很难对付，我们应该分而治之。
divide … between在••••••之间分配：
The things the old man left should be divided between his son and his daughter. 这位老人留下的东西应该分给他的儿子和女儿。
用法导航
divide … among / between，意思是“在••••••之间分配”，用法稍有不同。使用among时，表示在三人或三人以上之间分配；使用between时，只在两者之间分配。
divide … from把••••••同••••••分开/隔开：
He tried to divide these white horses form those black ones. 他尽力想把这些白马同那些黑马分开。
The Red Sea divides Africa from Asia. 红海把非洲与亚洲分开。
divide … into把•••••划分成，分成；除（尽）：
The teacher divided our class into six groups. 老师把我们班分成六个小组。
Divide seven into two and you get three and a half. 用二除七得三又二分之一。
divide up分开，划分，瓜分：
They wanted to divide up the country. 他们企图瓜分那个国家。
dividing line界线：
They drawed a dividing line on the border of the forest. 他们森森边缘划了界线。 |
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