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高中常考英语短语解析(A1)
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A ABC(某一方面的)基础知识: Can you me something about the ABC of piano playing? 你能给我讲一讲钢琴的基本要领吗? a bit一点儿,一些: Mary doesn’t care a bit.玛丽一点都不在乎。 The coat is a bit large.外套大了一些。 a bit of一点儿,少量的: The old lady knows a bit of Spanish.那位老太太懂点我西班牙语。 Would you please give me a bit of money? 请给我一点儿钱好吗? a body of一群,一批,一片,大量, 许多: A lake is a body of water and an island is a body of land. 湖是一片水,岛是一片地。 There is a body of facts which can support this argument. 有大量事实可以作为论据。 a bottle of一瓶: They drank a large bottle of wine.他们喝了一大瓶酒。 He buys two bottles of milk every day.他每天买两瓶牛奶。 a burst of laughter爆发出一阵笑声: A burst of laughter swept the room after the joke had been told. 听完这个笑话后满屋子的人发出一阵爆笑。 a change for the better变好,好转: There has been a change for the better in the situation. 形势好转了。 a close game势均力敌和比赛 A burst of laughter swept the room after the joke had been told.听完这个笑话后满屋子的人发出一阵爆笑。 a couple of一双,一对;几个,两三个: A couple of players did very well in the competition. 在这次竞争中一对选手脱颖而出。 We will finish our task in a couple of days.我们将在两三天内完成任务。 a crowd of 一群;一堆;许多: Towards the end of he lecture a crowd of girl students with flowers in their hands rushed over to the lecturer. 演讲快时,一群女学生捧鲜花,向讲演者涌去。 a drop of一滴;点滴;微量: There isn’t a drop of water in the glass.玻璃杯里一滴水都没有了。 She has a drop of fever. 她有点儿发烧。 用法导航 a drop of 表示数量时,只能修饰不可数名词。 a few 一些,几个,数个: He is going to buy a few apples in the market. 他们算到市场买一些水果。 A few of us like to play bridge. 我们中有几个人喜欢打桥牌。 用法导航 (1)a few 的意思是“有几个,有一些”,表示肯定;few的意思是“很少的,不多的”,表示否定。例如: A few people know it. 有几个人知道这一点。 Such instances are few. 这样的事例不多。 (2)a few和a little都表示“有一点,有一些”的意思。a few指代或修饰可数名词, a little指代或修饰不可数名词。例如: They will come back in a few weeks. 他们几周后就回来。 Don’t worry, you still have a little time. 别担心,你还有一点时间呢。 A few of the students in the class are going home this week.这个班的一些学生打算本周回家。 (3)a little在句中可以作状语用,而a few 不以作状语用。例如: Please move a little to the right. 请向右移动一点。 (4)和a few相关的短语还有:but a few, only a few只有几个,只有少数;a good few, not a few, quit a few许多的,相当多的;every few weeks隔几周。 a good many,许多;许多: Mr. Wang rang you up a good many times while you were away. 你外出期间,王先生给你打了多次电话。 用法导航 (1) a good many, a number of, a great deal of, a lot of 都表示“许多,大量”的意思,注意他们的区别。a good many, a number of修饰可数名词,后面必须跟名词复数形式,a great deal of修饰不可数名词,且多用于口语中,a lot of既可修饰可数名词。也可修饰不可数名词, 多用于肯定句。例如: A good many / A number of students in our department are from the south. 我们系有许多学生是南方人。 A great deal of work awaits us. 大量工作等着我们去做。 There are a lot of people in the shop. 商店里有许多人。 A lot of energy was wasted. 大量的能量被浪费掉了。 (2) a good many可用a great many替换。例如: He knows a good / great many people in Shanghai. 他在上海认识许多人。 a good while好些时候,好久: Those foreign visitors have been in this city for a good while. 那些外国游客在该市已呆了好些 a great deal大量,许多;(常接比较级)••••••得多: I think you contributed a great deal to the project. 我认为你对这项工程的贡献是很大的。 After taking the medicine, he is now a great deal better. 服药后,他现在好多了。 用法导航 a great deal相当于程度副词,用作状语,修饰动词、形容词或副词及其比较级。它不能相当于形容词用,但可与of构成短语,修饰不可数名词。例如: 他发音有许多困难。 误:He has a great deal difficulty with pronunciation. 正:He has a great deal of difficulty with pronunciation. a great deal of大量的,非常多的: I’m afraid I’ve given you a great deal of trouble. 我恐怕给你添了许多麻烦。 All this costs a great deal of money. 所有这些要花很多钱。 用法导航 a great deal of后接不可数名词,表示不可数事物的量。它同后面的不可数名词一起在句中作一语和宾主,作主语时,谓语动词用形式。例如:A great deal of work awaits us. 大量工作等我们去做。 a group of一群,一组,一些: A group of planes are flying in the blue sky. 机群在蔚蓝的空中飞翔。 I saw a group of boys standing there. 我看见一群男孩站在那里。 用法导航 a group of 后必须接可数名词的复数形式,它修饰可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:A group of girls are singing and dancing.一群女孩在载歌载舞。 a half-way house妥协方案;折中方法: On important problems involving a matter of principle, we will never accept a half-way house. 在事关原则的问题上,我们决不妥协。 a kind of一种,一类;几分,稍稍: It is kind of animal with long ears and a short tail. 这是一种长耳朵、短尾巴的动物。 I have a kind of doubt that Li Ming is from the South. 我有点怀疑李明是南方人。 用法导航 (1)a kind of后面的名词如为可数名词,要用单数形式,而且一般不用冠词。例如:This is a new kind of bike. 这是一种新型自行车。 (2)如表示复数概念,kind和后面的名词都可用复数,值得注意的是,后面的名词 不用冠词,例如: different kinds of animals(s)各种不同种类的动物 all kinds of tree (s) 各种树。 (3) a kind of, a sort of是同义短语,但a kind of常指同一种类的东西,a sort of常指大体相似的东西。实际使用时,经常可以换用。 a little一点;少量;略微: We still have a little water to drink. 我们还有点儿水喝。 Please move a little to the right. 请向右移动一点。 Could you stay here a little longer? 你在这儿再呆一段时间好吗? 用法导航 (1) a little修饰不可数名词,表示有定意义;little也修饰不可数名词,但表示否定意义,意为“不多,几乎没有”。例如:There is little water in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有水。 (2) a little 和little都可以作状语,修饰动词、形容词或副词。例如: He moved a little to the right. 他向右移了一点。 He moved little to the right. 他几乎没有向右移。 I feel a little hungry. 我觉得有点饿。 I feel little hungry. 我觉得不怎么做。 (3)a little还可以像某些程度副词那样,修饰形容词或副词的比较级,而little不能。例如: My sister feels a little better today. 我妹妹今天觉得好些了。 (4) a little和a bit, a few的区别参见a bit或a few. a lot许多;(和比较加用)••••••得多: We have a lot to do.我们有许多事做。 He helps me a lot. 他帮了我很多忙。 The patient is a lot better today. 病人今天好很多了。 用法导航 a lot宾语;也可作状语,修饰动词和形容词或副词的比较级。例如: We learn a lot at school. 我们在学校学到许多东西。 He words a lot at home. 他在家干很多活。 I feel a lot better now. 我现在感觉好多了。 a lot of大量的;许多的 Morning exercises can do us a lot of good. 早操对我们很有好处。 He borrowed a lot of books from the library this morning. 他今天早上从图书馆借了不少书。 I saw quite a lot of him. 我过去常常看到他。 用法导航 (1)a lot of, lots of 和lots and lots of都表示“许多”,通常可以互换。例如: There are lots of people in the shop. 商店里有许多人。 Lots and lots of people have visited the agricultural exhibition. 许许多多人参观了农业展览会。 (2) a lot of, many和much也都有“许多”之意,many只能修饰可数名词,much只能修饰不可数名词,a lot of 既能修饰可数名词又有修饰不可数名词。例如: He has a lot of schoolmates, but he has not many true friends. 他有许多同学,但没有多少真正的朋友。 There isn’t much rain this year.今年雨不多。 a mass of(聚成一体的)一团,一块,一堆, 一片,一群;大量的,大众的: a mass of hot air一团热空气,a mass of sand一堆沙,a mass of green一片绿色 We have to deal with a great mass of date every day. 我们每天都得处理大量的数据。 a matter of(表示数量)••••••左右,••••••上下: We many as well buy that one of better quality since it’s only a matter of a few Yuan’s difference. 我们不如买质量好的那种,相关不过几元的钱。 a moment ago刚才: Tom was here a moment ago. 汤姆刚才还在这儿。 Mary went shopping a moment ago. 玛丽刚才去买东西了。 用法导航 a moment ago相当于just now, 是表示过去的时间状语,只能用于过去时态。 a moment later一会儿之后,片刻之后: I’ll set off a moment later. 我一会就动身。 a number of 一些,许多,若干: I have a number of important things to do today. 今天,我有些重要的事要做。 A large number of people were killed in the earthquake in Tangshan. 许多人在唐山地震中丧生。 用法导航 (1)a number of后面接可数名词复数形式,“a number of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。若表示数量很大时,可在number 前加上large,great或good; 表示数量很小时,可加上small,不可加little.例如: A large / great / good number of people speak English in the world. 世界上很多人讲英语。 A small number of students don’t work hard in our school. 我们学校有少数学生学习不努力。 用法导航 (1) “the number of+ 复数名词”意为“••••••的数”,做主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:The number of the student in our school is nearly 5,000. 我们学校学生人数接近5000. a pair of一对,一双,一副: A pair of glasses was lying on the desk. 桌上放着一副眼镜。 用法导航 (1)a pair of通常表示的是两个完全相同,不可分离的东西,例如:a pair of glasses (trousers, shoes…),一副眼镜(一条裤子,一双鞋等)。 (2) “a pair of” 作主语时,谓语动词通常使用单数。若表示复数时,pair用复数形式。例如: A pair of trousers was lying on the chiar and two pairs of shoes were in front of the bed. 一条裤子搭在椅子上,两双鞋摆在床前。 a part of … 一部分: Taiwan is a part of China.台湾是中国的一部分。 用法导航 (1)a part of +名词/代词作主语时,谓语动词必须与后面的名词或代词一致。例如: A part of the work was done. 只做了部分工作。 A part of them have arrived in Beijing. 他们中一部分人已抵达北京。 (2) part of也表示“一部分”。a part of通常指一半以下,一小部分,而part of 既可指一半以上,又可指一半以下。 a piece of 一张(块,片,件•••••••) The little girl tore off a big piece of paper.那小姑娘撕下一大张纸。 She bought a piece of jewelry. 她买了一件首饰。 用法导航 (1)a piece of 后面接不可数名词,piece前也可有形容词修饰。例如:a good piece of news一条好消息,a big piece of cake. 一大块蛋糕。 (2)表示复数概念时,用复数形式,例如:two pieces of furniture两件家具。 a pile of一堆: He put a pile of rubbish into a plastic bag. 他把一堆垃圾装进塑料袋里。 There is a pile of old books in the corner of the reading room. 阅览室的角落里有一堆旧书。 用法导航 a pile of后面既可接可数名词,又可接不可数名词。接可数名词时,名词要用复数,若作主语,谓语动词也要用复数形式;接不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: A pile of books are one the table. 桌上有一堆书。 There is a pile of sand over there. 那边有一堆沙子。 a set of一套,一副,一批,一部••••••: The man bought a set of furniture last month. 那人上个月买了一家家具。 The old lady still has a good set of teeth. 这位老太太仍有一副好牙齿。 a sort of一种: A sort of strange noise could be heard in the next room. 听得到隔壁刻意里有一种奇怪的声。 a variety of各种各样,各种: Iron has a variety of uses.铁有各种用途。 He failed in the entrance examination for a variety of reasons. 由于种种原因,他没能通过入学考试。 a world of很大的,很多的,大量的: The medicine did the patient a world of good. 这药对病人很有好处。 In this way we’ll save a world of time. 这样,我们将节省大量的时间。 It makes a world of differences whether precautions are taken or not. 有没有采取预防措施是大不一样的。 able to do sth. 能够(有能力)做某事: You are better able to do it than I am. 你比我更有能力和此事。 He said he had not been able to come earlier. 他说他没能来的更早一些。 用法导航 (1) able to do sth. 常与连系动词be连用,表示“能够,会”,相当于can,但can只有现在时和过去时,所以它常用于can所不能表示的未来或完成的概念。例如: We shall be able to finish our task tomorrow. 我们可以在明天完成任务。 Tom has not been able to come. 汤姆没能来。 (2) be able to (do sth.)与can的区别:在一般现在时中,通常可以替换。例如: The little boy is able to / can dress himself. 上男孩可以自己穿衣服了。 (3) 但在一般过去时中,was / were able to (do sth.) 却往往表示“能够设法做到••••••,成功地做到••••••”,相当于managed to do sth或succeed in doing sth,例如: With the help of the firemen, they were able to leave the burning house. 在消防队员的帮助下,他们得以离开了那座着火的房子。 about to即将,准备,正要,将要••••••: I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我刚要动身,电话铃就响了起来。 Autumn harvest is about to start. 快要秋收了。 用法导航 about to常与连系动词连用,to后接动词原形,be about to和be going to的区别:be about to表示立即要发生的运作,不能与表将来的时间状语连胜,be going to则表示“将要打算”,可以和表示将来的时间状语连用。例如: He is about to go to Beijing. 他就要以北京去了。 He is going to finish his work this week. 他打算本周把工作做完。 above all首先,尤其重要的是,尤其是,最重要的是: Above all, he is a warm – hearted man. 最重要的是,他为人热情。 Never waste anything, above all, never waste time. 不要浪费任何东西,尤其是不要浪费时间。 用法导航 above all通常用作插入语,可放在句首和句中,参考上面的例句。 above oneself自高自大;兴高采烈: Tom is always getting a bit above himself when he makes a little progress. 汤姆取得一点点进步。就会自高自大。 above price无法估价,价值连城,极其宝贵: The painting is above price. 这副油画非常宝贵。 above the reach of为••••••所达不到的: Poisonous things should be above the reach of children. 有毒物品应放在孩子够不着的地方。 accept … as … 承认••••••是••••••: Many students accept him as a good teacher. 许多学生都认为他是个好老师。 |
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